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Functional Testing And Non Functional Testing Functional testing and non-functional testing are two different types of software testing that are focused on different aspects of the software: Functional Testing: Functional testing is a type of software testing that is focused on ensuring that the software application or system functions as intended and meets its specified requirements. It involves testing the software against the functional specifications or requirements, and checking that all the expected functionalities are working correctly. Examples of functional testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Non-functional Testing: Non-functional testing is a type of software testing that is focused on evaluating the performance, reliability, usability, and other non-functional aspects of the software application or system. It involves testing the software against non-functional requirements, such as performance, scalability, security, usability, and compatibility, and checking that it meets the necessary standards and expectations. Examples of non-functional testing include performance testing, security testing, usability testing, and compatibility testing. To summarize, functional testing is focused on ensuring that the software meets its specified functional requirements, while non-functional testing is focused on evaluating the performance, reliability, usability, and other non-functional aspects of the software. Both types of testing are important for ensuring that the software is of high quality, and meets the needs and expectations of its users.

Difference Between Regression Testing And Retesting Regression testing and retesting are two different types of software testing that are often used in the context of fixing defects or bugs: Regression Testing: Regression testing is a type of software testing that is performed to ensure that changes or fixes made to a software application or system do not have any unintended side-effects on previously working functionality. It involves re-executing test cases that have previously passed to ensure that they still pass after the changes or fixes have been implemented. Regression testing is usually performed after a software release, and is intended to ensure that the software remains stable and reliable after changes have been made. Retesting: Retesting is a type of software testing that is performed to verify that a defect or bug has been fixed and that the software is now functioning as expected. It involves re-executing test cases that failed previously due to the defect, and verifying that they now pass after the fix has been implemented. Retesting is usually performed after a bug fix has been made, and is intended to ensure that the software is now working as intended. To summarize, regression testing is focused on ensuring that changes or fixes made to a software application do not have unintended side-effects on previously working functionality, while retesting is focused on verifying that a defect or bug has been fixed and that the software is now functioning as expected. Both types of testing are important for ensuring that software is stable, reliable, and functioning as intended.

Verification & Validation Verification and Validation are two terms that are often used in the context of software testing, and they refer to two distinct but related processes: Verification: Verification is the process of ensuring that a software product or system meets its specified requirements and specifications. It involves checking that the software has been built correctly, and that it meets the design and functional specifications that have been established for it. In other words, verification is focused on making sure that the software has been built according to the requirements. Validation: Validation, on the other hand, is the process of ensuring that a software product or system meets the needs and expectations of its intended users or stakeholders. It involves checking that the software meets the business or user needs, and that it is fit for its intended purpose. In other words, validation is focused on making sure that the right software has been built, and that it meets the needs and expectations of its users. To summarize, verification is about checking that the software has been built correctly according to the requirements, while validation is about checking that the right software has been built to meet the needs of its users. Both verification and validation are important processes in software testing, and they are often performed together to ensure that the software meets all of the necessary requirements and standards.

Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) The testing life cycle, also known as the software testing life cycle (STLC), is a sequence of steps or phases that define the testing process for software applications or systems. It provides a systematic and structured approach to testing, from planning and preparation to test execution and reporting. The testing life cycle typically includes the following phases: Test Planning: This phase involves defining the testing objectives, scope, and strategies, identifying test requirements, and developing a test plan. Test Design: In this phase, test cases are designed and test data is created, based on the test requirements identified in the previous phase. Test Execution: This phase involves executing the test cases and recording the results, as well as identifying and reporting defects or issues. Test Reporting: In this phase, the results of the test execution are summarized and documented, including any defects found and their severity, and recommendations for future testing or improvements. Test Closure: This final phase involves evaluating the overall testing process and ensuring that all test objectives have been met, as well as archiving test artifacts and preparing for future testing. Throughout the testing life cycle, it is important to conduct ongoing reviews and assessments of the testing process to ensure that it is effective, efficient, and meets the desired goals and objectives. By following a structured testing life cycle, organizations can improve the quality and reliability of their software applications or systems, and ensure that they meet the needs and expectations of their users.

Different Types Of Software Testing There are several types of software testing, which can be categorized based on various criteria such as the purpose of testing, the testing level, and the testing technique. Here are some common types of software testing: These are just a few examples of the different types of software testing. The testing approach and types of tests used will depend on the specific software application, its intended use, and the goals of the testing process.

Automated Testing Automated testing is a software testing process that involves using automated tools or scripts to execute test cases and verify the functionality, performance, and quality of a software application or system. Unlike manual testing, which relies on human testers to perform tests and verify results, automated testing uses software programs to automate the testing process. Automated testing tools can simulate user interactions, generate test data, and compare actual results with expected results to identify defects or issues in the software. This can help to reduce the time and effort required for testing and improve the accuracy and reliability of the testing process. Automated testing can be used to test a variety of software applications, including web applications, mobile applications, and desktop applications. It can also be used for different types of testing, such as functional testing, performance testing, and security testing. While automated testing can be more efficient and reliable than manual testing, it also requires specialized skills and knowledge to develop and maintain test scripts and tools. It is often used in conjunction with manual testing to provide a comprehensive testing strategy that combines the benefits of both approaches.

Manual testing is a software testing process that is performed by human testers to identify defects or issues in a software application or system. This type of testing involves executing test cases and scenarios manually, without the use of automated tools or scripts. In manual testing, the tester interacts with the software application or system as an end user would, following a predefined set of test cases or scenarios to verify that it functions as intended. Manual testing can be used to test various aspects of the software, such as functionality, usability, performance, and security. Manual testing can be time-consuming and requires skilled testers with attention to detail, but it is also flexible and adaptable to different situations and scenarios. It is often used in conjunction with automated testing, which can help to streamline the testing process and reduce the risk of human error.

Software testing is the process of evaluating the functionality, performance, and quality of software applications or systems. It involves executing a program or system with the intention of finding defects, errors, or other issues that may affect its quality or performance. Software testing can be conducted manually or automatically, and it can take place at various stages of the software development lifecycle. Some common types of software testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing. The goal of software testing is to ensure that the software meets the requirements and specifications of the intended users, performs as expected, and is free of defects that could impact its usability or reliability. By identifying and fixing issues early in the development process, software testing helps to reduce the cost and time required to deliver high-quality software products.

We are listing some Manual Testing Interview Questions For Freshers. Please let us know if any important Questions are missed from us in the comment Software Testing Material

Basic Selenium Interview Questions for Freshers What is Selenium? Selenium is a popular open-source automation testing framework used to automate web browsers. It provides a suite of tools for automated web testing, including a WebDriver API for browser automation and a set of libraries and utilities for managing testing activities. Selenium can be used to write automated tests in multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, Ruby, JavaScript, etc. It supports various browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Internet Explorer, and can be used to test web applications on multiple operating systems like Windows, Linux, and macOS. Selenium is widely used in the industry to ensure the quality and reliability of web applications. What are the components of Selenium? Selenium is composed of several components that work together to automate web testing. The components of Selenium are: Selenium IDE: It is a record-and-playback tool used for creating automated tests without the need for programming knowledge. Selenium WebDriver: It is a library used to automate web browser interactions. WebDriver supports multiple programming languages and provides a rich API to interact with web elements. Selenium Grid: It is a tool used for parallel test execution across multiple machines and browsers. It allows testers to run tests simultaneously on different browsers and platforms. Selenium RC (Remote Control): It is a deprecated component of Selenium that was used before WebDriver was introduced. It allows testers to write automated tests using programming languages and execute them on different browsers. Selenium Core: It is the basic foundation of the Selenium suite and contains a JavaScript-based automation engine that can be embedded in browsers. These components work together to provide a comprehensive automation testing solution for web applications. What are the different types of locators used in Selenium? Locators in Selenium are used to identify web elements on a web page. There are several types of locators that can be used in Selenium to find web elements. The most commonly used locators in Selenium are: ID Locator: This is used to locate a web element using its unique ID. Example: driver.findElement(By.id(“username”)); Name Locator: This is used to locate a web element using its name attribute. Example: driver.findElement(By.name(“password”)); Class Name Locator: This is used to locate a web element using its class name. Example: driver.findElement(By.className(“btn-primary”)); Tag Name Locator: This is used to locate a web element using its tag name. Example: driver.findElement(By.tagName(“a”)); Link Text Locator: This is used to locate a web element using the text of a link. Example: driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Login”)); Partial Link Text Locator: This is used to locate a web element using a part of the link text. Example: driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“Sign”)); CSS Selector Locator: This is used to locate a web element using a CSS selector. Example: driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“.login-form input[type=’text’]”)); XPath Locator: This is used to locate a web element using an XPath expression. Example: driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//input[@name=’username’]”)); These are the commonly used locators in Selenium, and the appropriate locator to use depends on the specific scenario and the structure of the web page being tested. What is the difference between findElement() and findElements() in Selenium? Both findElement() and findElements() methods are used in Selenium to locate web elements on a web page. However, there is a key difference between these two methods. findElement() method returns the first matching web element on the page based on the specified locator, while the findElements() method returns a list of all matching web elements on the page based on the specified locator. For example, if you use the following code snippet to locate a username input field on a login page: The findElement() method will return the first web element that matches the specified ID locator, which is the username input field in this case. On the other hand, if you use the following code snippet to locate all the input fields on the page: The findElements() method will return a list of all web elements that match the specified tag name locator, which are all the input fields on the page. So, the main difference between findElement() and findElements() methods is that the former returns a single web element while the latter returns a list of web elements. How can you handle alerts in Selenium? Alerts are commonly used in web applications to display important messages or to ask for user input. Selenium provides a way to handle alerts in web pages using the Alert interface. The Alert interface provides methods to interact with JavaScript alerts, confirm boxes, and prompts. Here is an example of how to handle an alert in Selenium: // Switch to alert windowAlert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); // Get the text of the alertString alertText = alert.getText(); // Click on the OK button of the alertalert.accept(); // Click on the Cancel button of the alertalert.dismiss(); // Enter text in the promptalert.sendKeys(“Selenium”); // Get the text entered in the promptString promptText = alert.getText(); Here, the switchTo() method is used to switch the focus to the alert window. Once the focus is switched, you can use the getText() method to get the text of the alert, accept() method to click on the OK button, dismiss() method to click on the Cancel button, sendKeys() method to enter text in the prompt, and getText() method to get the text entered in the prompt. It is important to note that the switchTo() method needs to be used before interacting with the alert, and you cannot interact with any other element on the page while the alert is present. What is the use of Actions class in Selenium? The Actions class in Selenium is used to simulate complex user interactions with a web page, such as mouse clicks, drag-and-drop, keyboard events, etc. It provides a way to chain multiple actions together to perform a series of actions on a web page. Some of the common methods available in the Actions class are: click(): This method is used to simulate a mouse click on a web element. doubleClick(): This method is used to simulate a double-click on a web element. contextClick(): This method